Centrifugal clarifier



July 29, 1952 Filed Jan. 7, 1948 c. c. 5. LE CLAIR 2,605,046

CENTRIFUGAL CLARIFIER 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 CAM/u: 62m?! JPMAm/Nc [4' Cum Arruwtrs Patented July 29, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT. ()FFIGEe don,'-;England, fll signor to Tecalemit Limited, BEQHtfOtiEllfiE-Bl eniora of G aApplication -January 7, 1 '948,-; Serial No. 912

In Great Britain January 17,1947

seam (crass-.18)

"This invention relates to centrifuge: machines and'more particularly tosuch machines; which areintended for the. removal of suspended-matter orimpurities. from liquids such as; for example; from. lubricating oils.It is one of "the principal objects of the invention to provide. animproved centrifuge machine of this: kind which particularly adapted forcleaningthe lubricating oil in an internal combustionqengine, such as,for example inthe :engine of a-motorvehicle or aircraft.

1 In suchengines, not only :is thespace available for the centrifugemachine often very. restricted, but the machine is also. notusually veryaccessible. Furthermore, owingv tothe-zlimitation of space it isusually.not .feasible to provide'a centrifuge having abowlzwith'a large reservespace inwhich suspended matteriex-tracted by the'centrifugal action canaccumulate pending its removal at long intervals. sConsequently it. be-

comes .necessary to. clean the bowl at'relatively frequent. intervals.

, It is,. therefore, a further object of this :invention to provide acentrifuge machine which not only. makes good use of the-spaceavailable, but whichisalso so arranged that the deposite'd matter can berapidly .andeasily removed from the machine.

Acc'ordingto the invention the machine: comprises .a centrifuge bowl,means within the bowl "defining a plurality of' concentrictannular.spaces therein, through whichspaces theliquid to be cleaned is caused toflow, and means. ineach space whereby matterseparated .from theliquid inthespace is retained. 1. The .means. defining. the. .saidannular. spaces.may comprise: one or. moreannular wall members arranged within .thebowl, while: themeans torretaining the separated matter; may comprise atrap member within each of at -.least:tWo of the said spaces, thearrangements being..:suchl.-.that

the liquid ;is-:.caused to flow .pasttheinnerfaces of the. trap members.Preferably the outermost of the? trap members is arranged:withinanclclose to .the outer circumferential. wall of the bowl.

In a one. form of :centrifugemachine, constructed in accordance .withthe invention, the

b.OW1.iS of:cylindricaltformand its: interior is di- .vided; into twoconcentric. annular spaces by means of a central cylindrical member or"core :andby an intermediateicylindrical wall. member which is locatedbetween andspaced -from the central :core member and the outer wall ofthe bowl. The'bowlismounted one-rotary spindle,

arranged with its axisYverticaL and inlet and outlet passages for theliquid are provided within the'spindle. Thetop oithe bowl is closed bymeans of arer-novable cover.

Two. ann lar tranmembe s a p o ed, cue within and inassociation with thecircumferential Wall of the bowl and the other inand in association withthe inner surface of theintermediate cylindrical wall member- The trapmembers are given a honeycomb, varied, ribbed or other formation,providingrecesses or cavi: ties for the reception of matterezgtractedfrom the liqu d by he c ntri u al ct nh liqu d tolee-centrifuged is supplied through the inlet passage to thebottom Qfthe inner annular space. t Q sup intb s spa e Pa n r trap memberand-then entersthe upper-end oi the outer annular space. It flowsdownthisspace past the inner face of the-outertrap member and isvdischarged through the outlet passage inthe spindle. 0

Durin the ss f he l d pa t he o trap mb rs a y s spended impu it sorseiid particles are driven bythe centrifugal action into the recessesor cavities of the trap -memb ers and are held there. -Whenthecentrifuge requires cleaning this can easily be sdone by remgving thecover and takin ut th tr p me b rse d al if ired. th nt imediatee idrics m eber and/or the core member.

Many modifications of -.the above device are possible- Thus the numberof trap members may be increased to three or evenmorerthe interior ofthe'bowl being dividedinto the appro.- priate number of annular spaces..Eurthermore, different arrangements of the inlet and outlet passa esmay be u -Tb si sidui mev e admitted to the bowl at one endthereoi-and.dis-, charged from it at the opposite end. Generally, however, itis desirable that the-liquid should bearran ed to "pass-over thetrapmember in succes ion; sta ing w th ihei e rm s t ap mem r arid-finsh n h th outsrmsstsnaf r' For the better understanding or the inventiona. number of constructiona nilssdimentsihe sq will now be described ingreaterdetail, way of example; reference being had to the accompany.-ing drawings. In the drawings: v v

Figure .1 is a vertical se'ctional view, which is .partly1=.diagrammatic,- showing "a centr-iiu e machine constructed in accordance with thn;-

Figure 3 is -a.vie.w similar to rFigurerl 3 a modified form ofcentrifuge machine having three trap members;

Figure 4 is a similar view showing a centrifuge machine having four trapmembers;

Figure 5 is a partly diagrammatic sectional view showing a centrifugemachine having two trap members and having a different arrangement forthe supply and discharge of the liquid;

Figure 6 is a like View of a centrifuge machine which is similar inconstruction to that shown in Figure 5 except that three trap membersare provided and these trap members are of a different form ofconstrucion;

Figure 7 is a detail sectional view showing part of one of the trapmembers of Figure 6.

A centrifuge machine intended for use on an internal combustion engineand having a bowl divided into two annular spaces will first bedescribed, reference being had to Figure 1 of the drawings.

This centrifuge machine comprises a cylindrical bowl I which is mountedon a vertical hollow spindle 2 running in a pair of ball bearings 3 and4. These bearings are mounted in any suitable part 5 of the enginestructure. A liquid-tight seal 6 is provided below the lower bearing 4for a purpose to be explained hereinafter, while a suitable driving gearI is provided on the spindle 2 between the bearings a and 4. This gearI, which takes the form of a stoop-threaded worm, is adapted to bedriven from the engine by a worm-wheel (not shown).

Above the upper bearing 3 the end of the spindle 2 is flared out in aconical fashion at 8 and terminates in a flange 9 and threaded spigot 9ato which the lower edge of the outer wall it of the bowl I is attached.The bottom ll of the bowl is cast integrally with the wall ill and isformed with a central downwardly-projecting boss 12 into which a holdingdown stud i3 is screwed at 14. The bottom of the bowl is also providedwith an integral, downwardly-extending conical sleeve l5 which surroundsthe boss i2 with which it forms an annular passage 18.

The top of the bowl l is closed by means of a domed cover I! which isformed with a central hole [8 through which the upper threaded end IQ ofthe holding down stud I3 passes.

The cover [1 is provided with an outer grooved flange which fits overthe bowl wall is. A sealing washer 21 is provided in the groove in theflange 29 to ensure a fluid-tight joint between the cover I1 and thewall In.

The cover i1 is retained in position by means of a cap nut 22 which isscrewed onto the threaded end IQ of the stud (3. A sealing washer '23 isprovided to prevent the escape of the liquid at this point.

A central tube 24 is attached, as by screwing, to the'lower end of thesleeve [5. This tube 24 extends down inside the hollow spindle 2 beyondthe open lower end 25 of the latter. Its own lower end 26 is arranged torun at 21 in a semiliquid-tight bearing carried or formed in the enginestructure 5. If desired a liquid-tight seal (not shown) could beprovided in association with this bearing.

The structure 5 is formed with two passages 28 and 29. The lower passage28 constitutes an inlet passage and communicates with the interior ofthe central tube 24 at its lower end below the bearing 21, while theupper passage 29 is an outlet passage and connects with the interior ofthe spindle 2 at its lower end externally of the tube 24 and above thebearing 21.

A cylindrical core member 30 is provided in the bowl I surrounding thestud [3, while between this member 38 and the circumferential wall it]of the bowl an intermediate cylindrical wall member Si is fitted. Theupper and lower ends of this member 3! engage and are located byspigots, recesses or grooves formed on or in the bottom H of the bowl Iand the cover ll. In the construction shown the upper end of the member3| is located within an annular stop 32 formed on the underside of thecover ll, while the lower end of the member 3! fits over an annularflange or spigot 33 projecting from the bottom ll of the bowl.

The two cylindrical members 35 and 3| divide the interior of the bowlwithin the wall it] into two concentric'annular spaces 34 and 35. Theinner space 34 is connected with the passage l6 and thence with theinterior 36 of the central tube 24 by means of ports 37 formed in thebottom H of the bowl, while the outer annular space 35 is connected withthe annular passage 39 between the central tube 24 and the spindle 2 bymeans of ports :39 formed in the bowl bottom H and thence by way of theconical passage 6! between the sleeve (5 and the flared part 8 of thepindle 2.

Ports 42 drilled in the wall member 31 near its upper end connect theinner annular space 34 with the outer annular space 35.

An annular, cylindrical trap member 43 is provided within the bowl i andis made an easy sliding fit inside the outer wall It thereof. This trapmember 43 is of honeycomb formation (see also Figure 2) and comprises anumber of circumferentially-spaced vertical ribs 4.4 which areintersected at right angles by a number of parallel, axially-spacedannular rings 45. For convenience of manufacture the ribs i4 and therings may be formed integrally with one another, the wholehoneycomb-like trap member being either cast in some convenient metal,such as aluminum, or being moulded in a suitable plastic such as, forexample, a phenol formaldehyde resin. In either case both the verticalribs 44 and the horizontal rings 45 are, for preference, given anelongated diamond section (see Figure 1) presenting sharpened edgesradially inwardly and outwardly. The inner face of this trap member 43is spaced from the outer surface of the intermediate cylindrical wallmember Si by the relatively narrow annular space or gap shown.

Within the member 31 and arranged as an easy sliding fit in it is asecond honeycomb trap member d5 constructed in the same fashion as thatdescribed above. The inner face of this second trap member 46 is spacedfrom the central cylindrical core member 30 by the narrow annular spaceshown,

The centrifuge machine as described above, may be driven by any suitablemeans, and the transmission gear may include a slipping and/orover-running clutch (such as, for example, that described and claimed inmy prior United States patent application Serial No. 558,881, now PatentNo. 2,476,377), together with any necessary gearing to ensure that thecentrifuge is run at a sufiiciently high speed for efficient working.

In operation, oil from the engine sump is delivered by a low pressurescavenging or other pump into the lower end of the central. tube 24 viathe passage 28. Thence it passes up this tube, through the annularpassage 16 and the ports 37 into the bottom of the inner annularspace34. 'In this space it fiows axially upwards-in a relatively-thinfilmbetween the core member 30 and the innertrap member 45. During itspassage through the space 34 suspended particles of matter are drivenradially outwards by centrifugal force and, since the radial distancethrough the thickness of the oil film is very small, these particles areimmediately caught and heldin the spaces in the trap member 45.

;Onreaching the top of the space 34 the oil passes radially outwardsthrough the ports 42 in the intermediate wall member 3| and then passesaxially downwards in the outer annular space 35. The extraction ofsuspended particles by centrifugal force in the manner described aboveis here continued, the extracted particles being caught in the outertrap member 43; It may be pointed out here that as the radius ofrotation of the outer annular space 35 is greater than that of the innerannular space 34 the centrifuging action is proportionately moreintense.

On reaching the lowerend of the outer space 35 the oil passes throughthe'ports MI in the bottom of the bowl into the conical passage 4| atthe upper end of the spindle 2 and thence through the annular passage 39between the tube 24 and the spindle 2 to the outlet passage 29 in theengine structure 5. From this passage the oil may be delivered to thebearings or other places of use either directly, under the pressuregenerated by the scavenge pump, or it may be pumped to the place of useby a second pressure pump. In the latter case the passage 29 may lead toa reservoir under atmospheric pressure.

When it becomes necessary to clean the centrifuge and to remove thedeposited matter, the cover I! is first removed by undoing the cap nut22. The internal parts, comprising the trap members 43 and 46 and thecylindrical wall member 3| are then lifted out, washed and'replaced. Thecover I! is then replaced and secured by the nut 22.

It will be appreciated that the principle of passing the liquid axiallyin thin films over a number of concentric trap members in series iscapable of extension. Thus, instead of passing the liquid over only twosuch members, it may be caused to pass over three or more.

Figure 3 shows a modified construction of centrifuge in which three trapmembers are provided over which the liquid flows. In this construction,-since the liquid has to made an odd number of passages past the trapmembers the liquid must flow past the first 'member in a downwarddirection. This involves certain modifications in the construction ofthe device.

The centrifuge comprises a bowl IOI which is mounted on the upper flaredend I08 of a hollow spindle I02. This spindle is mounted by means ofbearings I03 and I04 in the engine structure I05 and is provided with a'driving gear I01. This method of mounting and driving structure I0 5.Fin-place of the holding-down stud I3 and the core member 30 of Figure 1the centrifu'ge of Figure 3 is provided with-a hollow-stud I t3, the

lower threaded end Of which is. screwedrinto a washers. I 2 I and I23being provided as in the case of the previous construction.

.Two intermediate annular-wall members II and I5I areprovided within thebowl and are retained in position by means of steps I32 and I52. formedon the inside of the coverI I! .and by means of spigots I33 and I53formed on theinside of the bottom I I I of the bowl.

Three trapmembers I43, I and I are provided. The. member I43Ifits withinthenouter wall N0 of the bowl, the member I46 fits within theintermediate wall members I3I while the member I55 is fitted within theintermediate wall member I5I. These trap members are noonstructed aspreviously described with particular reference to Figure 2.

The wall member I3I .is formed with a. number of ports I52 near itsupper end, while thewall member I5I is formed with anumber of ports I56near its lower end. A number of ports I40 corresponding to the ports 20.of Figure 1 are formed in the bottom I I I of the'bowl.

In operationithe oil from the inlet passage' l28 in the engine structureI35 passes up through the central tube I25 and the hollow stud I I3 andenters the annular space I57 surrounding the stud H3 through the portsI50. The oil then flows down through the space I51 past the trap memberI55, through the ports I56 into the next amiular space I34 in which itfiOWs up past the trap member I45, through the ports I42'into theoutermost annular space I35, down through this space pastthe trap member1 M3 and through the ports I40 into the to of the hollow spindle I I12.It then flows down through the space I39 between this spindl and thetube I24 and out through the outlet passage I23 in the engine structure.

Figure l of the drawings shows a construction in which four trap membersareprovided'. The construction of the device is similar to that ofFigure 1 except for the provision of two additional trap members withtheir associated wall members.

The device comprises a centrifuge bowl 20I having an outer wall 2I0, a,bottom 2H and a cover 2H, the bowl being mounted onthe upper end of ahollow spindle 202. This spindle is supported anddriven in a mannersimilar to :that described with reference to Figure 1.

The cover 2 I7 is retained in place by means of a cap nut 222 screwedonto the upper end of a stud 2I3, the lower end of which is screwed intoa central boss 2I2 formed in the bottom 2 of the bowl. A core member 230similar to the member 30 of Figure 1 is mounted on the-stud 2I3.

A central inlet tube 224 is provided as before, its upper end beingscrewed into a conical sleeve 2I5. This tube communicates with theinterior of the bowl 20I by means of passages 2I6 provided betweenthesleeve 2 I5 and the boss 2| 2.

The bowl 20I is provided with three concentric intermediate wall members231, 255 and-250 within which are fitted trapmembers 246, 255 and ZBIrespectively. A trap member? 243 is fitted within the outer wall 2 I 0.

The wall members 23I and 260 are formed with ports 242 and-262 neartheir upper ends; while the wall member 25! is formed with ports 256near its lower end. Ports 2&0 are formed in the bottom 2! I of the bowloutside the wall 23L In operation oil flows up through the central tube224, through the passage 2 is into the interior of the bowl 201. It thenpasses up through the annular space 263 within the'trap member 261, outthrough the ports 252, down through the next space 25? past the trapmember 255, out through the lower ports 25G, up through the space 234past the trap member 2&6, out through the ports 242 and down through thespace 235 past the trap member 243. It then escapes from the bowlthrough the ports 24G and is discharged from the apparatus through thehollow spindle 202.

It will be apparent that in the apparatus constructed as shown in Figure4 the oil is subjected to a particularly thorough cleansing action ofprogressively increasing intensity although the dimensions of theapparatus can still be kept small.

In some cases it may be desired to supply the oil or other liquid to thecentrifuge from the top instead of through a central tube from thebottom of the machine as in the arrangements previously described.Figure 5 showsa machine designed for such a case, the cover being formedwith a bell mouth for the entry of the liquid.

The centrifuge comprises a bowl as: having outer walls 3W, 3. bottom 3and a cover 35?. The cover is formed with a central bell mouth 318 andis secured to the top of the cowl 38! by means of a ring of studs 3H andnuts 32 2. A sealing washer 32! is provided between the cover and I thebowl wall 3 I 3.

The bowl 331 is mounted on the upper flared end 308 of a hollow spindle302 which is supported in the engine structure 355 in a manner similarto that previously described. In this construction, however, there is nocentral tube and there is only one passage, namely an outlet passage329, formed in the structure 395. This passage communicates with thelower end of the tube 392 below a seal 3%.

The bowl 30! is provided with two intermediate Wall members 33| and 351,the first of which is provided with a trap member 346. A trap memher 843is also provided within the outer wall 3 l B. The wall members 335 andGil are located by means of spigots 333 and 353 formed in the bottom 3!!of the bowl and by steps 332 and 352 formed on the underside of thecover 311. The wall member 33! is formed with ports 355 at its lowerend, the wall member 33| is formed with ports 342 at its upper end,while ports 34!! are formed through the bottom 3!! of the bowl outsidethe wall member 33!.

In operation liquid enters the bowl through the bell mouth 31!), passesdown through the central space 373 within the wall member 354, outthrough the ports 356, up through the space 33% past the trap member3&6, out through the ports 3 12 into the next space 335, down throughthis space past the trap member 343 and out through the ports 34%.Thence, it flows down the hollow spindle 302 into the outlet passage329.

Figure 6 shows a modification of the construction shown in Figure 5 inwhich three trap members are used. These trap members are shown as beingof different construction to those previously described.

The centrifuge comprises a bowl 41H having an outer wall M9, at bottomall and a cover M7. The bowl is mounted on a hollow spindle 632,

iii)

while it is provided with two intermediate wall members 53! and 45b Theconstruction and arrangement of all these parts is similar to thatdescribed with reference to Figure 5 except that the bowl and wallmembers are made of slightly increased diameter to provide space withinthe inner wall member 451 for a core member 480. This core member isclosed at its upper end while its open lower end is attached as byscrewing to a central raised boss 48! provided on the bottom All of thebowl. Trap members 582, 433 and 484 are provided within the walls 4m, HIand 45! respectively. a

All these trap members are of similar construction. This construction isbest shown in Figure 7 which is a detail view to an enlarged scaleshowing a part of the trap member 582. This trap member is built up froma number of annular elements 85, each of which elements comprises afrustro-conical portion 486 and a radially extending inner portion 48?.The elements 485 are supported on and spaced from each other by means ofannular spacing rings 488. If desired these spacing rings could be madeintegrally with the trap elements 485, in which case each ring 488 wouldbe formed as a downward cylindrical extension of the frustro-conicalportion 486 of the element.

In the case of the trap member 484 the lowermost trap element issupported by some suitable means (not shown) This means might take theform of a shoulder on the wall member 451 or a perforated ring member sodesigned as not to obstruct the ports 656 in the wall member 46 l.

The operation of the centrifuge shown in Figure 6 will be clear from theforegoing description. Oil enters the bowl 40! through the bell-mouth MGof the latter and flows down through the space 651 surrounding the core480, passing over the inner face of the trap member $84. It then passesthrough the ports Q56, up through the space 334 pastthe trap member 483,out through ports M2 in the upper part of the wall member 43!, downthrough the space 535 past the trap member 582 and out through ports Milin the bottom of the bowl into the interior of the hollow spindle M2. Itthen flows down this spindle into the outlet passage szs from which itis delivered to the bearings or other places of use.

While for ease of construction and of the subsequent periodical cleaningit is generally preforable to make the trap members separate from theirassociate wall members it would be possible to form the wall members andtrap members integrally with each other. Thus they might be formed froma suitable metal, for example by casting, or they might be moulded froma plastic.

The trap members could also take a number of other forms, being made ofany of a wide range of appropriate materials such as, for example, thosedisclosed in the specification of the copending British application No.28,685 of 1947. Such trap members might be fitted in association withwall members, such as that shown at 3| in Figure 1 of the accompanyingdrawings, or they might be so constructed as to render such a wallmember unnecessary. In other words a single part would fulfil thecombined functions of a wall member and of a trap member.

I claim:

1. A centrifuge machine for removing matter from fluids comprisin ahollow drive shaft, a centrifuge bowl mounted on and driven by saidshaft. said bowl comprising a bottom, an outer circumferential wall, anda removable cover, means 10- cated within said bowl and defining aplurality of concentric spaces through which the fluid to be centrifugedis passed, said means comprising a plurality of annular wall membersarranged within said bowl and secured against displacement in the axialand transverse directions between the bottom of said bowl and saidcover, said wall members being made of a liquid impervious material andhaving openings therein through which centrifuged liquid is passed tothe adjacent concentric space, trap members arranged within at least twoof said concentric spaces and in contact with the inner surfaces of saidspace defining wall members, said trap members cooperating with saidwall members to retain matter separated from the fluid passed throughsaid spaces, and means forming separate inlet and outlet passagescoaxial with said bowl through which fluid to be centrifuged is suppliedto and discharged from said spaces, said last mentioned means includingsaid hollow drive shaft which communicates with the interior of saidbowl and forms one of said passages.

2. A centrifuge machine for removing matter from fluids comprising ahollow drive shaft, means rotatably supporting said hollow drive shaft,a centrifuge bowl mounted on and driven by said shaft, said bowlcomprising a bottom, an outer cylindrical wall, and a removable cover,means located within said bowl and defining a plurality of concentricspaces through which the fluid to be centrifuged is passed, said meanscomprising a plurality of cylindrical wall members arranged within saidbowl and secured against displacement in the axial and transversedirections between the bottom of said bowl and said cover, cylindricaltrap members arranged within at least two of said concentric spaces andin contact with the inner surfaces of said space defining wall members,said trap members being adapted to retain matter separated from thefluid passed through said spaces, means forming separate inlet andoutlet passages coaxial with said bowl through which fluid to becentrifuged is supplied to and discharged from said spaces, said lastmentioned means including said hollow drive shaft which communicateswith the interior of said bowl and forms one of said passages, andseparate inlet and outlet passageways formed in said supporting meansand communicating, respectively, with said bowl inlet and outletpassages, said bowl passage forming means having a substantiallyliquid-tight seal,,with said supporting means at the points ofcommunication with said passageways.

3. A centrifuge machine for removin matter from fluids comprising ahollow drive shaft, a centrifuge bowl mounted on and driven by saidshaft, Said bowl comprising a bottom, an outer circumferential wall, anda removabl cover, means located within said bowl and defining aplurality of concentric spaces through which the fluid to be centrifugedis passed, said means comprising a plurality of annular wall membersarranged within said bowl and secured against displacement in the axialand transverse directions between the bottom of said bowl and saidcover, trap members arranged within at least two of said concentricspaces and in contact with the inner surfaces of said space definin wallmembers, said trap members being of honeycomb formation, comprising aplurality of intersecting ribs, and adapted to retain matter separatedfrom the fluid passed through said spaces, and means forming separateinlet and outlet passages coaxial with said bowl through which fluid tobe centrifuged is supplied to and discharged from said spaces, said lastmentioned means including said hollow drive shaft which communicateswith the interior of said bowl and forms one of said passages.

4. A centrifuge machine as claimed in claim 3 wherein the said ribspresent sharpened edges directed radially inwardly and outwardly.

5. A centrifuge machine as claimed in claim 3 wherein all of said ribsof each trap member are formed integrally with each other.

6. A centrifuge machine for removing matter from fluids comprising ahollow drive shaft, means rotatably supporting said hollow drive shaft,a centrifuge bowl mounted on and driven by said shaft, said bowlcomprising a bottom, an outer circumferential wall, and a removablecover, means located within said bowl and defining a plurality ofconcentric spaces through which the fluid to be centrifuged is passed,said means comprising a plurality of annular wall members arrangedwithin said bowl and secured against displacement in the axial andtransverse directions between the bottom of said bowl and said cover,trap members arranged within at least two of said concentric spaces andin contact with the inner surfaces of said space defining wall mem--bers, said trap members each comprising a plurality of annular elementsassembled in axial juxtaposition with each other and forming betweenthem spaces in which the matter separated from the fluid passed throughsaid concentric spaces may be trapped, means forming separate inlet andoutlet passages coaxial with said bowl through which fluid to becentrifuged is supplied to and discharged from said spaces, said lastmentioned means including said hollow drive shaft which communicateswith the interior of said bowl and forms one of said passages, andseparate inlet and outlet passageways formed in said supporting meansand communicating, respectively, with said bowl inlet and outletpassages, said bowl passage forming means having a substantiallyliquid-tight seal with said supporting means at the points ofcommunication with said passageways.

CAMILLE CLARE SPRANKLING LE CLAIR.

REFERENCE S CIT ED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

